In the side-lying position, which muscle groups are commonly at risk for contractures?

• A. Shoulder adductors and internal rotators
• B. Hip flexors, adductors, and internal rotators
• C. Knee flexors
• D. Forearm, elbow, wrist, and finger contractures can develop, depending on the position used

Answer: (B)

In side-lying, certain hip positions tend to keep specific muscles shortened for extended periods, raising contracture risk. The hip flexors are shortened when the thigh sits toward the chest, the hip adductors tighten as the leg drifts toward the midline, and the hip internal rotators shorten when the hip is in internal rotation. When these muscles stay in those shortened positions, they adapt and lose length, making contractures more likely over time. Other areas like the knee or the forearm/elbow/finger region aren’t consistently held in a shortened state by this position, so they’re not the primary concern here. If you position to promote hip abduction and external rotation, you can help mitigate this risk.