Which standing transfer type is performed without direct guarding by a therapist?

• A. Modified independent
• B. Independent pivot
• C. Standby pivot
• D. Dependent pivot

Answer: (B)

Independence in standing transfers means the person can complete the move without any hands-on guarding from a therapist. An independent pivot transfer fits this best because the individual starts on one surface, uses their own balance and mechanics to pivot on one foot, and moves to the other surface without the therapist touching or guarding them.

Standby pivot would involve the therapist standing nearby to supervise or cue, but not actively guarding; dependent pivot requires manual support or guarding from the therapist; and modified independent implies some extra setup or equipment but still may rely on supervision or aids. Since the scenario specifies no direct guarding, the independent pivot is the correct choice.